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Recommended textbook solutionsMyers' Psychology for AP
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Terms in this set [36]
somatic symptom disorders
physical disorders. there is an excessive or maladaptive response to physical symptoms or to associated health concerns.
dissociative disorders
feeling detached from yourself so intensely that they lose their identity entirely and assume a new one or they lose their memory or sense of reality and are unable to function.
somatic symptom disorder
patients who come to the doctor wit hseemingly endless lists of somatic complaints but there is no medical basis
Pierre Briquet
Illness anxiety disorder
physical symptoms are either not experienced at the present time or are very mild, but severe anxiety is focused on the possibility of having or developing a serivous disease.
difference between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder
if one or more physical symptoms are relatively severe and are associated with anxiety and distress the diagnosis would be somatic symptom disorder. In illness anxiety disorder the concern is primarily with the idea of being sick instead of the physical symptom itself. In both reassurance from physicians does not seem to help.
psychological factors affecting medical condition
the presence of a diagnosed medical condition such as asthma, diabetes, or severe pain clearly caused by a known medical condition such as cancer that is adversely affected [increased in frequency or severity] by one or more psychological or behavioral factors.
conversion disorders
generally have to do with physical malfunctioning , such as paralysis, blindness, or difficulty speaking [aphonia], without any physical or organic pathology to account for the malfunction
malingering
faking symptoms for benefit
factitious disorders
fall somewhere between malingering and conversion disorders. The symptoms are under voluntary control, as with malingering, but there is NOT OBVIOUS REASON for voluntarily producing the symptoms except possibly to assume the sick role and receive increased attention.
derealization
losing your sense of reality of the external world
depersonalization-derealization disorder
feelings of unreality are so severe and frightening that they dominate an individual's life and prevent normal functioning.
dissociative amnesia
loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete
generalized amnesia
people who are unable to remember anything including who they are.
localized or selective amnesia
failure to recall specific events, usually traumatic, that occur during a specific period.
alters
separate identities people take on in dissociate identity disorder [DID]
dissociative trance
in a state where there is a perception of being possessed by an evil spirit or other person
dissociative identity disorder [DID]
people who adopt as many as 100 new identities, all simultaneously coexisting, although the average number is 15.
Jonah suffers from a mild case of asthma. It usually only causes him a problem when the weather turns colder, as he finds it more difficult to breathe in chilly air. At the same time, whenever Jonah is having an increase in stress at work or with his wife, he finds that his asthma symptoms start to flare up. Jonah might be diagnosed as dealing with
a. somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain.
b. illness anxiety disorder.
c. conversion disorder.
d. psychological factors affecting medical condition.
psychological factors affecting medical condition.
Because Jonah has a legitimate medical condition that is exacerbated by psychological events, this would be correct
] When people suffer from a somatic symptom or related disorder they often either [a] get attention from others, or [b] get to avoid some unpleasant event. Freud called these benefits
a. primary narcissism.
b. primary gain.
c. secondary narcissism.
d. secondary gain.
secondary gain
While sitting in his psychology class one day, Ernie gets a feeling of being separated from himself. He actually feels that he is floating over his own body, watching himself sit in class. After some time, the feeling passes, but Ernie cannot understand how class is suddenly over if he doesn't remember most of the class time passing. Ernie has experienced
a. the early stages of what will eventually become a severe psychotic disorder.
b. depersonalization.
c. symptoms of a mood disorder.
d. derealization.
depersonalization
The process of re-experiencing emotionally traumatic events as a means of purging them from the psyche was named ________ by Josef Breuer, and has proven to be an effective intervention with many emotional disorders.
a. resistance
b. transference
c. catharsis
d. cathexis
catharsis
the major idea behind catharsis is that if we have a releasing of the mental energies that cause problems, this will lead to symptom recovery.
In which of the following countries would the experience of a dissociative trance be seen as inconsistent with cultural norms and expectations?
a. Denmark
b. Nigeria
c. Thailand
d. India
Denmark
These trance states are most common in Asian and African countries, and are less culturally expected in more Western societies.
Research has suggested a connection between somatic symptom disorder and ________ personality disorder that lies in a neurobiologically shared disinhibition syndrome characterized by impulsive behavior.
a. antisocial
b. histrionic
c. borderline
d. avoidant
antisocial
This connection should not be taken to mean that those with somatic symptom disorder are more likely to engage in the hurtful and manipulative behavior that typifies antisocial personality disorder.
Which of the following statements is true about dissociative identity disorder?
a. Once established, the disorder usually resolves on its own without treatment in an average of 3 to 4 years.
b. The frequency of switching increases with age.
c. For prevalence rates, the ratio of females to males is approximately 9 to 1.
d. The form that the disorder takes differs substantially over the lifespan.
c. For prevalence rates, the ratio of females to males is approximately 9 to 1.
Vanna, who is 40, apparently believes that she is a 20-year-old woman. Suddenly, she starts to speak and behave very differently, and says she no longer thinks of herself as "Vanna." Instead, she claims to be Elise, a 10-year-old child. It is likely that Vanna should be diagnosed with
a. dissociative identity disorder
b. schizophrenia
c. dissociative trance disorder
d. conversion disorder
dissociative identity disorder
The shorthand term that describes the different personalities or identities associated with dissociative identity disorder [DID] is ________ .
a. other
b. pseudo
c. fake
d. alter
alter
Alter derives from the idea that these are 'alternate' identities in the sufferer of DID.
Because there are similarities in the etiology between dissociative identity disorder [DID] and ________ , some have suggested that DID is actually a subtype of this other condition.
a. antisocial personality disorder
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]
c. posttraumatic stress disorder
d. dissociative amnesia
c. posttraumatic stress disorder
A person experiencing a conversion symptom called globus hystericus would experience which of the following?
a. Ability to see some bright objects when calm but suffering complete loss of sight during a stressful period or emergency
b. An absence of concern with a perceived significant loss of some physiological function.
c. Ability to identify everything in the visual field even though the patient reports that she is blind
d. Feeling a lump in the throat that interferes with swallowing, eating, or talking
Feeling a lump in the throat that interferes with swallowing, eating, or talking
While speculation regarding the cause of ________ continues, your authors note that almost every patient presenting with this condition reports a history of horrible, almost unspeakable abuse that they suffered in childhood.
a. a dissociative fugue state
b. depersonalization/derealization disorder
c. dissociative identity disorder
d. dissociative amnesia
dissociative identity disorder
Your textbook authors describe a treatment plan for one of the somatic symptom and related disorders that includes efforts to reduce any reinforcing or supportive consequences of the illness's symptoms. For which condition is this a particularly important goal?
a. conversion disorder
b. depersonalization/derealization disorder
c. psychological factors affecting medical condition
d. delusional disorder
conversion disorder
When the loss of function symptoms of conversion disorder is reinforced, they tend to persist. When the reinforcement is removed, the process of extinction can help reduce the symptoms.
Jack has been caring for his elderly father for some time, and is beginning to feel the pressure of being a caretaker. For no identifiable reason, he has begun doing things that cause his father to become sick, so that his father can spend time in the hospital. He also finds that he enjoys the attention he gets when his father is sick. Jack may be diagnosed with
a. malingering.
b. illness phobia.
c. conversion disorder.
d. factitious disorder imposed on another.
factitious disorder imposed on another.
This is diagnosed when an individual deliberately makes someone else, usually a child or a dependent, sick.
With regard to a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder, men are
a. equally likely as women to be diagnosed.
b. more likely than women to be diagnosed.
c. less likely than women to be diagnosed.
d. more likely than women to be diagnosed during middle to late adulthood but more likely than women to be diagnosed during teen years and early adulthood.
less likely than women to be diagnosed
Jane has a constant worry about getting sick even though she does not have any immediate symptoms. Whenever there is a new story about a new bug of an outbreak of some virus like the flu, she finds herself feeling very worried about getting the latest sickness. If she gets a mild symptom like a runny nose or a small rash, she is immediately convinced that she is developing a serious illness. Jane would be best diagnosed with
a. dissociative somatization
b. somatic symptom disorder
c. illness anxiety disorder
d. psychological factors affecting medical condition
illness anxiety disorder
When the symptoms are either nonexistent or very mild but still cause anxiety about getting ill, the correct diagnosis is illness anxiety disorder [formerly hypochondriasis].
Individuals with ________ experience loss of sense of reality in their external world. Things may seem to change size or shape, and others may seem dead or mechanical.
a. dissociation
b. derealization
c. depersonalization
d. somatization
derealization
The original term for neurosis was "hysterical neurosis," which took its name from the idea that
a. it could be traced back to an imbalance of body humors.
b. it was caused by a "wandering uterus."
c. different parts of the brain were failing to communicate with each other properly.
d. hysteria could be induced by demonic possession.
it was caused by a "wandering uterus"
While interviewing 129 women with documented histories of childhood sexual abuse, Williams [1994] found with extensive questioning that 38% of the women
a. did not recall the abuse.
b. had developed dissociative amnesia.
c. remembered minute details of the abuse.
d. had developed dissociative identity disorder.
did not recall the abuse.
Slightly over one-third of the women in Williams's study were unable to recall events that had been reported to the authorities at least 17 years earlier, even with extensive probing.
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