Today, many internet businesses and users take advantage of cryptography based on this approach.
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Definition: Cryptography is associated with the process of converting ordinary plain text into unintelligible text and vice-versa. It is a method of storing and transmitting data in a particular form so that only those for whom it is intended can read and process it. Cryptography not only protects data from theft or alteration, but can also be used for user authentication. Show Description: Earlier cryptography was effectively synonymous with encryption but nowadays cryptography is mainly based on mathematical theory and computer science practice. Modern cryptography concerns with: Confidentiality - Information cannot be understood by anyone Integrity - Information cannot be altered. Non-repudiation - Sender cannot deny his/her intentions in the transmission of the information at a later stage Authentication - Sender and receiver can confirm each Cryptography is used in many applications like banking transactions cards, computer passwords, and e- commerce transactions. Three types of cryptographic techniques used in general. 1. Symmetric-key cryptography 2. Hash functions. 3. Public-key cryptography Symmetric-key Cryptography: Both the sender and receiver share a single key. The sender uses this key to encrypt plaintext and send the cipher text to the receiver. On the other side the receiver applies the same key to decrypt the message and recover the plain text. Public-Key Cryptography: This is the most revolutionary concept in the last 300-400 years. In Public-Key Cryptography two related keys (public and private key) are used. Public key may be freely distributed, while its paired private key, remains a secret. The public key is used for encryption and for decryption private key is used. Hash Functions: No key is used in this algorithm. A fixed-length hash value is computed as per the plain text that makes it impossible for the contents of the plain text to be recovered. Hash functions are also used by many operating systems to encrypt passwords.
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Which cryptography approach is most often used by today's Internet businesses and users?AES. The most commonly used symmetric algorithm is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which was originally known as Rijndael. This is the standard set by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2001 for the encryption of electronic data announced in U.S. FIPS PUB 197.
What are the advantages of cryptography?Cryptographic technology, including encryption, protects the integrity and confidentiality of data; it underpins authentication protocols and digital certificates. It secures communication protocols and protects access to resources and data-at-rest.
How is cryptography used on the Internet?Cryptography provides for secure communication in the presence of malicious third-parties—known as adversaries. Encryption uses an algorithm and a key to transform an input (i.e., plaintext) into an encrypted output (i.e., ciphertext).
Which of the following was commonly used in cryptography during World War II?One of the most famous examples is the Enigma machine used by the German government and military from the late 1920s and during World War II. The machine was invented by German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. During World War II, the Enigma machines were used mainly by Axis Powers.
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