What is the standard term for a small scale study conducted to make sure that a procedure works as planned quizlet?
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The story of Kitty Genovese has been told and retold in numerous psychology textbooks. The standard version is that there were 38 witnesses to the crime, that all of them watched (or listened) for an extended period of time, and that none of them did anything to help. However, recent scholarship suggests that the standard story is inaccurate in many ways (Manning, Levine, & Collins, 2007)[3].For example, only six eyewitnesses testified at the trial, none of them was aware that he or she was witnessing a lethal assault, and there have been several reports of witnesses calling the police or even coming to the aid of Kitty Genovese. Although the standard story inspired a long line of research on the bystander effect and the diffusion of responsibility, it may also have directed researchers' and students' attention away from other equally interesting and important issues in the psychology of helping—including the conditions in which people do in fact respond collectively to emergency situations. Show Sets with similar termsUpgrade to remove ads Only SGD 41.99/year
Terms in this set (35)Experiment - type of study designed specifically to answer the question of whether theres is a causal relationship between two variables Internal validity - a study is high in internal validity if the way it was conducted supports the conclusion that the IV caused any observed diffs in the DV external validity - a study is high in external validity if the way it was conducted supports generalizing the results to ppl and situations beyond those actually studied field experiments - experiments conducted outside the lab Manipulate (3) (means/must) - to manipulate an IV means to change its level systematically so that diff groups of participants are exposed to diff levels of that variable, or the same group of participants is exposed to diff levels at diff times Conditions - the diff levels of the IV Manipulation check - in many experiments, the IV is a
construct that can only be manipulated indirectly Extraneous variable - anything that varies in the context of a study other than the independent and dependent variables Extraneous variables: problems - EV's make it difficult to detect effect of IV in two ways: Controlling extraneous variables - one way to control them is to hold them constant; holding a situation or task variables constant by testing all participants in the same location, give them identical instructions, treat them the same confounding variable - is an extraneous variable that differs on average across levels of the IV Between-subjects experiment - participant experiences one level (one condition) of the IV Random assignment - primary way that researchers accomplish control of EV's across conditions Random sampling - is a method for selecting a sample from a population and is rarely used in psych research Block randomization - a modified random assignment to keep number of participants in each group as similar as possible Random assignment: - not
guaranteed to control all EV's across conditions Treatment - any
intervention meant to change ppl's behavior for the better randomized clinical trial - research on the effectiveness of psychotherapies and med treatments often called this no-treatment control condition - participants get no tx
whatsoever placebo - a simulated treatment that lacks any active ingredient or element that should make it effective placebo effect - a positive effect of a placebo treatment placebo control condition - controls for placebo effect Waitlist control condition - controls for placebo effects Within-subjects experiment - each participant tested under all conditions; gets all levels of the IV carryover effect - is an effect of being tested in one condition on participants behavior in later conditions counterbalancing - solution to problem of carryover effects simultaneous within subject designs - participants make multiple responses in each condition Between subjects design 1. conceptually simpler and require less testing time per participant
Within subject design 1. control extraneious particpant variables which reduces noise making it easier to detect a relationship btwn IV and DV Approaches to recruiting parpants(3) 1. use participants from a formal subject pool- an established group
of ppl who have agreed to be contacted about being in studies experimenter expectancy effect - unintended variation in the procedure that affects particpants behavior due to the experiementers expectations about how participants should behave Standardization: 1. create a written protocol that specifices everything the experimenters are to do and say double-blind study - way to minimize experimenter expectancy effects record keeping - as you test participants you should list basic demographic info: date, time and place of testing, name of experimenter, comments on unusual occurences pilot test - a small scale study conducted to make sure that a new procedure works as planned Sets with similar termsChapter 6: Experimental Research13 terms graceo101 Chapter 6: Experimental Research50 terms osbe0583 Chapters 5-1038 terms iac1004 Extra Exam 2 SAFMEDS98 terms mjswishe Sets found in the same folderChapter 319 terms crestwoodrunner Chapter 11L28 terms crestwoodrunner Qualitative35 terms crestwoodrunner Measurement38 terms crestwoodrunner Other sets by this creatorMCMI-III41 terms crestwoodrunner PAI29 terms crestwoodrunner MMPI-2 scoring24 terms crestwoodrunner MMPI37 terms crestwoodrunner Verified questions
PSYCHOLOGY The theories of psychologist Lev Vygotsky, in addition to those of Albert Bandura, have influenced our understanding of learning in children. Use the Internet to find the basic ideas of both Vygotsky and Bandura. Then write a page comparing and contrasting their views on how learning takes place in the lives of children. Verified answer QUESTION Which of the following is true concerning the effect of sex hormones? a. Hormone injections can be used to easily manipulate sexual behavior in men but not in women. b. Hormone injections can be used to easily manipulate sexual behavior in both men and women. c. Sex hormones have a more direct effect on nonhuman animals than on humans. d. The levels of sex hormones are more constant in women than in men. e. Women's estrogen levels do not rise during ovulation. Verified answer QUESTION Which of the following is the lowest priority motive in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? a. Belongingness and love needs. b. Physiological needs. c. Esteem needs. d. Self-actualization needs. e. Self-transcendence needs. Verified answer QUESTION What do we call a belief that leads to its own fulfillment? a. Superordinate goal. b. Mirror-image perception. c. Enemy perception. d. Social trap. e. Self-fulfilling prophecy. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsMyers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions HDEV56th EditionSpencer A. Rathus 380 solutions
Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Psychology13th EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 371 solutions Other Quizlet setschem quiz notes33 terms Victoria_Cabral5 FIN435 Previous Exam Qs34 terms courtney_marburger human nutrition136 terms deisyb123 DAT Bootcamp Gen Chem Gases22 terms jennifer_brown875 Related questionsQUESTION What is the Sick Social Cycle (Victim's Punishment Model)? 4 answers QUESTION What does correlation tell us? (2 things) 9 answers QUESTION what are some of the ways we can protect against the 2 out of 3 things outcomes that we do not want 13 answers QUESTION what 3 things do we need to establish causality? 8 answers What is the standard term for a smallA pilot study is defined as “A small-scale test of the methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale” (Porta, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th edition, 2008).
What are the minimum requirements for a study to be an experiment?True experiments have four elements: manipulation, control , random assignment, and random selection. The most important of these elements are manipulation and control. Manipulation means that something is purposefully changed by the researcher in the environment.
What are the minimum requirements for a study to be an experiment quizlet?What are the minimum requirements for a study to be an experiment? Have at least one manipulated variable and one measured variable.
What are the two defining features of an experiment?So the two features of experimental design we have talked about so far are that the experiment must have at least two comparable conditions and that the researcher must be the one to assign the participants to the conditions, not the participants themselves.
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