Which of the following are the most often associated with a security misconfiguration threat?
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Security misconfigurations are security controls that are inaccurately configured or left insecure, putting your systems and data at risk. Basically, any poorly documented configuration changes, default settings, or a technical issue across any component in your endpoints could lead to a misconfiguration. How to prevent security misconfigurations?If vulnerabilities are the gateway to the network, it's the misconfigurations that attackers leverage to worm their way to the intended targets. Security misconfigurations are not hard to fix, but they are unavoidable in an enterprise operating at scale. Finding them is a needle in the haystack, as they can be located across any component in an organization’s systems, such as its servers, operating systems, applications, and browsers. Lack of visibility and centralized means to remediate misconfigurations makes organizations fall victim to misconfiguration attacks. Watch the video below to learn how Vulnerability Manager Plus' comprehensive security configuration management feature helps continuously monitor, remediate, regulate, and report on security misconfigurations in your network. Catalog of security misconfigurations that can be remediated with Vulnerability Manager PlusWindows Firewall hardening Share Permission Management Chrome Security Hardening Internet Explorer Hardening Heaving a sigh already? We understand that correcting all these misconfigurations takes some time. But what if we told you Vulnerability Manager Plus could take care of it all for you? All security configuration management essentials and exciting security features are now free for 30 days. No strings attached. Try it out for free! Frequently asked questions about security misconfigurationsWhy do security misconfiguration occur?A misconfiguration can occur for a myriad of reasons. Modern network infrastructures are exceedingly complex and characterized by constant change; organizations can easily overlook crucial security settings, including new network equipment that might retain default configurations. Even if you've provisioned secure configurations for your endpoints, you should still audit configurations and security controls frequently to identify the inevitable configuration drift. Systems change, new equipment is brought into the network, patches are applied—all contributing to misconfigurations. Moreover, developers might write flexible firewall rules and create network shares for convenience while building software and leave them unchanged. Sometimes administrators allow configuration changes for testing or troubleshooting purposes and forget to revert to the original state. Also, it’s not uncommon for employees to temporarily disable their anti-virus when it overrides certain actions, like running installers, then forget to re-enable it later. In fact, 21 percent of endpoints have outdated anti-virus/anti-malware. What are the impacts of security misconfiguration?Are there users in your network who don't change their password? Do your users have administrative privileges by default? Have you enforced secure authentication protocols across your network systems yet? Are you aware of these and other security misconfigurations? If you're not able to answer these questions, you should re-evaluate your cyberhygiene practices. A simple flaw, like a default password or an open share, can be leveraged by an attacker to thwart an organization's security efforts. High-profile vulnerabilities and zero-days will rear their ugly heads from time to time, so it's necessary to ensure your organization has a secure foundation so it doesn't fall apart from a single vulnerability. Take, for instance, the infamous WannaCry ransomware; it could've easily been prevented from spreading across a network before Microsoft came up with a fix, just by disabling the SMBv1 protocol and setting the firewall rule to block port 445. All this emphasizes the fact that you need to continually maintain secure configurations in your endpoints to ensure a secure foundation. Last updated 4 Aug 11 1) Which of the following consequences is most likely to occur due to an injection attack?
2) Your application is created using a language that does not support a clear distinction between code and data. Which vulnerability is most likely to occur in your application?
3) Which of the following scenarios is most likely to cause an injection attack?
4) A user is able to pass malicious input that invokes control codes in your Web application. Which vulnerability is most likely to occur in your Web application?
5) Which of the following is the best way to protect against injection attacks?
6) Which of the following is most vulnerable to injection attacks?
7) Which character is most likely to be used for an SQL injection attack?
8) Which mitigation technique can help you strictly define valid input?
9) Which of the following architecture-level techniques are the best approaches to prevent attacks based on malicious input?
10) Which mitigation technique helps you tell the parser that a specific character is a literal and not a control character?
11) State whether the following statement is True or False. You should use a blacklist wherever possible; use whitelists only as a secondary defense.
12) Which of the following is the best way to define disallowed inputs?
13) Which of the following are injection attacks?
14) Which of the following languages are the primary targets of cross-site scripting?
15) Which of the following attacks occurs when a malicious user convinces a victim to send a request to a server with malicious input and the server echoes the input back to client?
16) Which of the following is the best way to prevent a DOM-based XSS attack?
17) How does malicious input flow in a DOM-based XSS?
18) Which of the following is the best way to prevent malicious input exploiting your application?
19) You should set the HttpOnly flag in a cookie to ensure that:
20) You should set a secure flag in a cookie to ensure that:
21) An attacker submits data to the server and the data is stored on the server. Which type of vulnerability is most likely to occur in your application?
22) Which of the following input sources can be directly controlled by a malicious user?
23) Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in broken authentication and session management vulnerabilities?
24) Which of the following actions should you take before implementing a custom authentication and session management system?
25) State whether the following statement is True or False. When implementing an authentication or session system, you should ensure that new session IDs are not created at login.
26) Which of the following functionalities should you include in an authentication and session management system?
27) Why should you use CAPTCHA?
28) What should you do before passing credentials over the network?
29) Which location should you ideally use to store a session ID?
30) Which of the following is the best way to ensure that JavaScript cannot be used to access a cookie?
31) Which of the following is an authentication system mandatory requirement?
32) A session-based system authenticates a user to a Web site to provide access to restricted resources. To increase security in this scenario, an authentication token should meet which of the following requirements?
33) State whether the following statement is True or False. An identification token is a replacement for a user’s credentials and should allow access to restricted resources of a Web site.
34) Which of the following tasks is performed by a session-based system?
35) Which threat is most likely to occur when a Web application fails to validate a client's access to a resource?
36) Which of the following objects is most susceptible to an insecure direct object reference attack?
37) Which of the following vulnerabilities is most likely to occur due to an insecure direct object reference attack?
38) Which of the following is the best way to mitigate the threat of an insecure direct object reference attack?
39) State whether the following statement is True or False. Time of Check Time of Use (TOCTOU) occurs if the authorization check is performed on one page of a Web site and the resource is used on a different page.
40) Your Web application stores information about many accounts. Which threat is your Web application susceptible to if you can manipulate the URL of an account page to access all accounts?
41) Which of the following threats is most likely to be caused by poor input validation?
42) Which threat is most likely to occur when a POST parameter performs an operation on behalf of a user without checking a shared secret?
43) Which of the following is the most common result of a cross-site request forgery?
44) An attacker lures a victim to malicious content on a Web site. A request is automatically sent to the vulnerable site which includes victim’s credentials. Which attack is most likely to occur in this scenario?
45) State whether the following statement is True or False. The downside of a nonce is that it needs to be stored on the client.
46) What should you add to an HMAC to ensure that the secret value is unique for each request?
47) Which of the following practices should you observe in order to implement defense-in-depth techniques against CSRF attacks?
48) State whether the following statement is True or False. HTTP GET parameters limit the types of manipulation a malicious user can perform on the victim to forge a request.
49) Which of the following mistakes is most often associated with a security misconfiguration threat?
50) You have not yet applied some recent service packs and updates to your Web application. Which of the following threats is your Web server susceptible to?
51) Which of the following is the best way to reevaluate your environment and address new threats?
52) Which of the following procedures are involved in the hardening process?
53) Which of the following consequence is most likely to result if your production environment does not match your development, testing, and staging environments?
54) Which of the following can result in insecure cryptography?
55) Which of the following is most likely to result in insecure cryptography?
56) Which of the following may result in cryptographic weakness?
57) Which of the following protocols is a network layer encryption protocol?
58) Which of the following factors helps you secure keys?
59) Which of the following combines public-key cryptography with a cryptographic hash?
60) hich of the following depicts the typical impact of failure to restrict URL access?
61) Which of the following actions should you take to test the security of your Web application?
62) Which of the following should you use to protect the connections between the physical tiers of your application?
63) Which of the following is the best way to implement transport layer protection?
64) Which of the following is most likely to result from unvalidated redirects and forwards?
65) Which of the following is the best way to protect a Web application from unvalidated redirects and forwards?
66) Which of the following is the best way to detect unvalidated redirects and forwards?
67) State whether the following statement is True or False. Most security issues are related to input and a user’s ability to interact with and control input.
68) State whether the following statement is True or False. If user input can be confused for instructions in the language or the way the language is applied, then the language is vulnerable to an injection attack.
69) In which of the following scenarios should you use the escaping technique?
70) Which of the following is the best way to prevent unvalidated redirect and forwards vulnerabilities?
Which of the following are examples of security misconfiguration?Some examples of security misconfigurations include insecure default configurations, incomplete or ad-hoc configurations, open cloud storage, misconfigured HTTP headers, unnecessary HTTP methods, overly permissive Cross-Origin resource sharing (CORS), and verbose error messages.
Which of the following can lead to security misconfiguration of the system?Improper / poor application coding practices—Improper coding practices can lead to security misconfiguration attacks. For example, the lack of proper input/output data validation may lead to code injection attacks which work by injecting code that the application executes.
What is security misconfiguration vulnerabilities?Security misconfiguration vulnerabilities take place when an application component is vulnerable to attack as a result of insecure configuration option or misconfiguration. Misconfiguration vulnerabilities are configuration weaknesses that might exist in software subsystems or components.
What are typical effects of security misconfiguration?Security misconfiguration flaws give attackers unauthorized access to system data and functionality. Occasionally, such flaws can lead to severe consequences; for example, a complete system compromise. The business impact can be great or small depending on the protection needs of the application and data.
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